What pigment determines the color of hair, eyes, and skin and provides protection against UV radiation?

• A. Collagen
• B. Melanin
• C. Keratins
• D. Elastin

Answer: (B)

Melanin is the pigment that determines the color of hair, eyes, and skin. It is produced by special cells called melanocytes, which are found in the epidermis of the skin and in other tissues. Melanin comes in various forms, predominantly eumelanin (which is dark) and pheomelanin (which is lighter), and the combination of these forms dictates the range of human hair and skin colors.

Beyond its role in color determination, melanin also plays a crucial protective role against UV radiation. It absorbs harmful UV rays from sunlight, reducing the risk of DNA damage in skin cells that can lead to skin cancers. This protective mechanism is particularly important for those with lighter skin coloration, who have lower levels of melanin and are therefore more susceptible to UV damage.

While collagen, keratins, and elastin are important proteins in the skin responsible for providing structure, strength, and elasticity, they do not have a direct role in pigment production or UV protection. Thus, recognizing the function of melanin as both a pigment and a protective factor highlights its importance in skin physiology.