What pigment in the skin offers protection from the sun's rays?

• A. Carotene
• B. Melanin
• C. Hemoglobin
• D. Cholesterol

Answer: (B)

Melanin is the pigment in the skin that provides protection from the sun's rays. It is produced by specialized cells known as melanocytes, which are located in the epidermis. When the skin is exposed to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun, melanin production increases as a protective response. This increased melanin leads to a darker skin tone, which helps absorb and dissipate harmful UV radiation, thereby reducing the risk of skin damage and skin cancer.

The other pigments listed do not have the same protective function against UV rays. Carotene primarily contributes to skin coloration but is not specifically associated with UV protection. Hemoglobin, found in red blood cells, gives blood its red color and influences skin tone but does not provide protection against the sun's rays. Cholesterol is a type of lipid found in the skin that plays a role in maintaining skin barrier function, but it is not involved in UV protection. Thus, melanin is the key pigment that helps shield the skin from harmful UV radiation.